Activity value 81International Buyer&Supplier,Last transaction date:
2026-04-05Address: box 9100, meadow lake, saskatchewancanada s9x 1v7tel 1 306-236-2444meadow lake sk
Overview
Export data
Partners
HS Codes
Products
Areas
Ports
Trade trend analysis
Mon
|
Year
Number of TransactionsQuantityWeight
Number of TransactionsQuantityWeight
The above chart presents the market trend analysis for meadow lake mechanical pulp inc. from 2025 to 2026.
By examining various dimensions such as transaction quantity, transaction weight, average price,
and transaction frequency, we can gain an intuitive understanding of the company's performance in terms of procurement cycles, business scale, and stability.
As of 2026, the company has completed 67 transactions, with a transaction quantity of 1830167.17 and a transaction weight of 28724202.
YearTransactionsQuantityWeight
202534210291135.56162752577.69
2026671830167.1728724202
Bill of lading data
<
1/15
>
Trade date
2026/04/05
B/L No.
cmducan0985030
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
han chang paper co.ltd.
POLs
12493, vancouver, bc
PODs
3001, seattle, wa
Supply area
China
Purchas area
United States
Weight
127999kg
Amount
——
Hs code
470500
Product tags
meadow,country of origin,bleached chemical thermo mechanical pulp,sea,mill,unit,canada,therm,chemical,tin,freight prepaid,adm,prep,ion,bleach,mma,count,md,mech,cod,fsc coc,pulp
Product description
UNIT(S) NCM: BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP UNIT(S) DESTINATION COUNTRY SEA HS NO : .. OFFER NO : MDL-- DESCRIPTION : BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANPULP MEADOW LAKE MILL -- QUANTITY: . ADMT FSC MIX CREDIT FSC COC CODE : SAI-COC- (COUNTRY OF ORIGIN) CANADA L/C MNU DTHC PREPAID HS CODE: . SUMMARY ID : SUM TOTAL PKGS PK UNIT(S) UNIT(S) UNIT(S) FREIGHT PREPAID Expand
Trade date
2026/04/03
B/L No.
smlmvan6a0892600
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
daehan paper co.ltd.
POLs
12493, vancouver, bc
PODs
3001, seattle, wa
Supply area
China
Purchas area
United States
Weight
216355kg
Amount
4327100
Hs code
470500
Product tags
bleached chemical thermo mechanical pulp
Product description
BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP Expand
Trade date
2026/04/03
B/L No.
cosu6445620770
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
century paper&board mills ltd.
Product description
BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT BCTMP GRADE -- SOFTWOOD OG SHIPPER LOAD AND COUNT Expand
Trade date
2026/03/30
B/L No.
meduvc973413
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
madura coats pvt ltd.
POLs
12493, vancouver, bc
PODs
3001, seattle, wa
Supply area
China
Purchas area
United States
Weight
50580kg
Amount
6069600
Hs code
470500
Product tags
m hs,bctmp,adm,ail,wood pulp,dh,mumbai,india,bleached chemical thermo mechanical pulp,phone,cd,bt,ion,tin,cod,mechanic,final destination,comb,mma,gh
Product description
BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) WOOD PULP OBTAINED BY A COMBINATION OF MECHANICAL - BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) GRADE --MIX NET WEIGHT: . ADMT SUMMARY ID : SUM HS CODE: . FINAL DESTINATION: ICD KANPUR, INDIA AGEN T AT DESTINATION: MSC AGENCY (INDIA) PVT. LTD . ANDHERI-KURLA ROAD, ANDHERI-EAST MSC HOUSE IN - MUMBAI INDIA PHONE:+ EMAIL:IND-INFO=RMOSBCR.uC3OEM FAX:+ Expand
Trade date
2026/03/30
B/L No.
meduvc952284
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
jk paper ltd.
Product description
BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMIC AL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) HW -- COUN TRY OF ORIGIN: CANADA MEADOW LAKE MECHANICAL PULP INC S FSC MIX CREDIT CERTIFICATE NO. SAI-COC- HS CODE NAME OF THE COMP ANY (IMPORTER): JK PAPER LIMITED GSTIN: AAA CTNZG PAN NUMBER: AAACTN JK PAPER LI MITED S IE CODE. SUMMARY ID : SUM AGENT DETAILS AT DESTINATION MSC AGENCY I NDIA PRIVATE LIMITED ND FLOOR, DWARKA NAGAR ,TH LANE P SQUARE, DOOR #-- IN - VISAKHAPATNAM INDIA PHONE + EMA IL SAMEER.KUMAR=SMySRCH.1CdO0M BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) Expand
Trade date
2026/03/29
B/L No.
cosu6444458490
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
asia trade logistics
Product description
BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) Expand
Trade date
2026/03/28
B/L No.
meduvc953498
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
jk paper ltd.
Product description
BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP - COVERING: . ADMT OF BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEM ICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) BLEACHED CHEMICAL THER
Expand
Trade date
2026/03/28
B/L No.
meduvc961905
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
madura coats pvt ltd.
POLs
12493, vancouver, bc
PODs
2811, oakland, ca
Supply area
China
Purchas area
United States
Weight
50580kg
Amount
5563800
Hs code
262060
Product tags
m hs,bctmp,ail,dh,oats,krishna,sara,india,agent,cd,vana,ion,tin,ashwin,cod,mumbai,adm,fin,pulp,coats,gh
Product description
PULP BCTMP, MLMP --MIX - PULP BCTMP, MLMP --MIX PULP BCTMP, MLMP --MIX - PULP BCTMP, MLMP --MIX NET WEIGHT: . ADMT SUMM ARY ID : SUM HS CODE: . FINAL DESTI NATION: ICD KANPUR, INDIA =MR. D. SARAVANAN M: / =: D.SARAVANAN=C eOBAnTcSQ.9C8OBM W: cWHWcWh.DCtO7AvTWS2.FCbO4M MR. ASHWIN KRISHNA ASHWINKRISHNA.M=CeOBAnTcSQ.9C8OBM W: W WW.CeOBAnTcSQ.9C8OBM AGENT AT DESTINATION: MSC AGENCY(INDIA) PVT. LTD. ANDHERI-KURLA ROAD, ANDHER I-EAST MSC HOUSE IN - MUMBAI INDIA PHO NE:+ EMAIL:IND-INFO=6MhSlC0.1CEOeM FAX: + Expand
Trade date
2026/03/27
B/L No.
meduvc972274
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
to order of pt asia trade logistics
POLs
12493, vancouver, bc
PODs
3001, seattle, wa
Supply area
Canada
Purchas area
United States
Weight
48965kg
Amount
5408900
Hs code
470500
Product tags
cap,meadow,mechanical pulp,country of origin,bleached chemical thermo mechanical pulp,agent,gh,troll,therm,floor,chemical,tin,gato,adm,medit,phone,shipping mark,canada,ital,ion,pla,bleach,mma,bctmp,brand name,t po,ulp,indonesia,shipping,ail,pusa,cod,mechanic,c chain,jakar
Product description
BLEACHED CHEMICALTHERMO MECHANICAL PULP - BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP)BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL P ULP) BRAND NAME: MEADOW LAKE GRADE : --M IX PEFC CONTROLLED SOURCES MEADOW LAKE MECHANICAL PULP INC. PEFC CHAIN OF CUSTODY NO.: ITKUS-PEFC-COC- COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: CANADA NET WEIGHT: . ADMT PO# MANUF ACTURER: MEADOW LAKE MECHANICAL PULP INC. NO SHIPPING MARKS HS CODE: . SUMMARY ID : SUM AGENT AT DESTINATION: PT MSC MEDITERR ANEAN SHIPPING INDONESIA CAPITAL PLACE BUILDING, TH FLOOR JL. JEND. GATOT SUBROTO KAV. ID - JAKARTA PUSAT INDONESIA PHONE:+ EMAIL: IDN-INFO=LM1S9Cv.0CkOvM BLEACHED CHEMICALTHERMO MECHANICAL PULP - BCTMP (BLEACHED CHEMICAL THERMO MECHANICAL PULP) Expand
Trade date
2026/03/27
B/L No.
meduvc969114
Suppliers
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.
Buyers
to order of great champ nv
meadow lake mechanical pulp inc. is International Buyer&Supplier,
and primarily engages in the import and export business of products such as therm,bleach,mechanical pulp.
According to the 52wmb.com global trade database, as of 2026-04-05, the company has completed 19158 international trades,
with its main trading regions covering united states,china,hong kong etc.
The core products include HS470500,HS470321,HS440799 etc,
often transported via vancouver wa,port vancouver, wa, port vancouver etc,
and its main trading partners are meadow lake mechanical pulp inc.,great champ l bhd,itc limited-pspd-bcm.
These trade data are sourced from various countries' customs and public channels, and have undergone standardization and structuring processing.
They can reflect the import and export trends and main market layout of the enterprise, and are suitable for market trend analysis, competitor research, port transportation planning, supply chain optimization, and international customer development.
They provide reliable support for cross-border trade decision-making.
The trade data displayed on meadow lake mechanical pulp inc. is sourced from the 52wmb.com global trade database. It is based on legal records from customs and related public channels of various countries, and has been formatted and organized for user query and analysis.
We maintain compliance with the source and processing of data to ensure the objectivity of information, but due to the dynamic changes in international trade activities, some data may be delayed or changed.